Chapter 1: C++ Revision Tour Class 12 Computer Science NCERT Solutions

Class 12 Computer Science (C++) – Chapter 1: C++ Revision Tour

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1:

Write the related library function name based upon the given information in C++:

• Get single character using keyboard. This function is available in <stdio.h> file: getchar()
• To check whether given character is alphanumeric or not. This function is available in <ctype.h> file: isalnum()

Question 2:

Observe the following program very carefully and write the names of those header file(s), which are essentially needed to compile and execute the program successfully:

typedef char TEXT[80];
void main()
{
  TEXT Str[] = "Peace is supreme";
  int Index = 0;
  while(Str[Index] != '\0')
    if(isupper(Str[Index]))
      Str[Index++] = '#';
    else
      Str[Index++] = '*';
  puts(Str);
}

Answer: <ctype.h>, <stdio.h>

Question 3:

Name the header files required for the following C++ code:

void main()
{
  char str[20], str1[20];
  gets(str);
  strcpy(str1, str);
  strrev(str);
  puts(str);
  puts(str1);
}

Answer: <stdio.h>, <string.h>

Question 4:

Observe the following C++ code and write the name(s) of the required header file(s):

void main()
{
  char CH, STR[20];
  cin >> STR;
  CH = toupper(STR[0]);
  cout << STR << " starts with " << CH << endl;
}

Answer: <iostream.h>, <ctype.h>

Question 5:

Observe the following C++ code and write the name(s) of the required header file(s):

void main()
{
  char Text[20], C;
  cin >> Text;
  C = tolower(Text[0]);
  cout << C << " is the first char of " << Text << endl;
}

Answer: <iostream.h>, <ctype.h>

Question 6:

Name the header file(s), which are essentially required to run the following program segment:

void main()
{
  char A = 'K', B;
  if (islower(A))
    B = toupper(A);
  else
    B = '*';
  cout << A << " turned to " << B << endl;
}

Answer: <iostream.h>, <ctype.h>

Question 7:

Observe the following C++ code and write the name(s) of header files required to run it:

void main()
{
  float Area, Side;
  cin >> Area;
  Side = sqrt(Area);
  cout << "One side of the square: " << Side << endl;
}

Answer: <math.h>, <iostream.h>

Question 8:

Write the names of header files used:

void main()
{
  int number;
  cin >> number;
  if (abs(number) == number)
    cout << "Positive" << endl;
}

Answer: <iostream.h>, <math.h>

Question 9:

Write the names of header files, which are NOT NECESSARY to run the following program:

#include <iostream.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>

void main()
{
  char STR[80];
  gets(STR);
  puts(strrev(STR));
}

Answer: <iostream.h>, <math.h> are not required

Question 10:

Which C++ header file(s) are essentially required to be included to run the following code?

void main()
{
  char TEXT[] = "Something";
  cout << "Remaining SMS Chars: " << 160 - strlen(TEXT) << endl;
}

Answer: <string.h>, <iostream.h>

Question 11:

Which C++ header file(s) are essentially required to be included to run the following code?

void main()
{
  char STRING[] = "SomeThing";
  cout << "Balance Characters: " << 160 - strlen(STRING) << endl;
}

Answer: <iostream.h>, <string.h>

Question 12:

Ahmed has typed the following program. Identify missing header files:

void main()
{
  float Radians, Value;
  cin >> Radians;
  Value = sin(Radians);
  cout << Value << endl;
}

Answer: <iostream.h>, <math.h>

Question 13:

Which C++ header file(s) are required for the following code?

void main()
{
  char *word1 = "Hello", *word2 = "Friends";
  strcat(word1, word2);
  cout << word1;
}

Answer: <iostream.h>, <string.h>

Short Answer Type Questions - I

Question 1: Define Macro with suitable example.

Macros are preprocessor directives created using #define that serve as symbolic constants. They help to simplify and reduce repetitive coding.

Example:

#define max(a, b) a > b ? a : b

This defines a macro max that takes two arguments a and b. It can be used like a function:
A = max(x, y);
After preprocessing, it becomes:
A = x > y ? x : y;

Question 2: Write the output of the following C++ program code:

class Calc {
    char Grade;
    int Bonus;
public:
    Calc() { Grade = 'E'; Bonus = 0; }
    void Down(int G) {
        Grade -= G;
    }
    void Up(int G) {
        Grade += G;
        Bonus++;
    }
    void Show() {
        cout << Grade << "#" << Bonus << endl;
    }
};
void main() {
    Calc c;
    c.Down(2);
    c.Show();
    c.Up(7);
    c.Show();
    c.Down(2);
    c.Show();
}

Output:
C#0
J#1
H#1

Question 3: Rewrite the program after removing syntactical errors.

Corrected Program:

#include <iostream.h>

void main() {
    int A[10] = {3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 9, 10}; // array initialization with semicolon
    int S = 0, p;
    for(p = 0; p <= 6; p++) {
        if(A[p] % 2 == 0)
            S = S + A[p];
    }
    cout << S;
}

Question 4: Rewrite after removing all syntactical errors.

Corrected Program:

#include <iostream.h>

#define Max 70.0

void main() {
    int Speed;
    char Stop = 'N';
    cin >> Speed;
    if(Speed > Max)
        Stop = 'Y';
    cout << Stop << endl;
}

Question 5: Write the output of the following program:

void Position(int & C1, int C2 = 3) {
    C1 += 2;
    C2 += C1;
}
void main() {
    int P1 = 20, P2 = 4;
    Position(P1);
    cout << P1 << "," << P2 << endl;
    Position(P2, P1);
    cout << P1 << "," << P2 << endl;
}

Output:
22,4
22,6

Question 6:

Study and find possible outputs. Also write min and max values of NUM.

void main() {
    randomize();
    int NUM;
    NUM = random(3) + 2;
    char TEXT[] = "ABCDEFGHIJK";
    for(int I = 1; I <= NUM; I++) {
        for(int J = NUM; J <= 7; J++)
            cout << TEXT[J];
        cout << endl;
    }
}

Possible Outputs:

• EFGH
• CDEFGH

Minimum value of NUM: 2
Maximum value of NUM: 4

Question 7:

Rewrite the following program after removing all syntax errors:

#include <iostream.h>
#include <math.h>

#define PI 3.14

void main() {
    float r, a;
    cout << "enter any radius";
    cin >> r;
    a = PI * pow(r, 2);
    cout << "Area=" << a;
}

Question 8:

Correct the following C++ code:

#include <iostream.h>
#include <stdio.h>

typedef char STR[80];

void main() {
    STR Txt;
    gets(Txt);
    cout << Txt << endl;
}

Question 9:

Correct the following C++ code:

#include <iostream.h>
#include <stdio.h>

typedef char STRING[50];

void main() {
    STRING City;
    gets(City);
    cout << City << endl;
}

Question 10:

Out of the following, find those identifiers which cannot be used in a C++ program:

Identifiers: Total*Tax, double, case, My Name, New switch, Column31, _Amount

Invalid Identifiers:

• Total*Tax – Contains invalid character '*'
• double – Reserved keyword
• case – Reserved keyword
• My Name – Contains space
• New switch – Contains space and uses reserved word switch

Question 11:

Ronica Jose has typed the following program. Identify the required header files:

void main()
{
    double X, Times, Result;
    cin >> X >> Times;
    Result = pow(X, Times);
    cout << Result << endl;
}

Answer: <iostream.h> (for cin and cout), <math.h> (for pow)

Question 12:

Rewrite the following C++ code after correcting all syntactical errors:

#define Formula(a,b) 2*a+b

void main()
{
    float X = 3.2, Y = 4.1;
    float Z = Formula(X, Y);
    cout << "Result=" << Z << endl;
}

Question 13:

Find and write the output of the following C++ program:

typedef char TexT[80];

void JumbleUp(TexT T)
{
    int L = strlen(T);
    for(int C = 0; C < L - 1; C += 2)
    {
        char CT = T[C];
        T[C] = T[C+1];
        T[C+1] = CT;
    }
    for(C = 1; C < L; C += 2)
        if(T[C] >= 'M' && T[C] <= 'U')
            T[C] = '@';
}

void main()
{
    TexT Str = "HARMONIOUS";
    JumbleUp(Str);
    cout << Str << endl;
}

Output: AHM@N@OIS@

Question 14:

What are the possible outputs and the max/min values of PICKER in the following code?

void main()
{
    randomize();
    int PICKER;
    PICKER = random(3);
    char COLOUR[][5] = {"BLUE", "PINK", "GREEN", "RED"};
    for(int I = 0; I <= PICKER; I++)
    {
        for(int J = 0; J <= I; J++)
            cout << COLOUR[J];
        cout << endl;
    }
}

Minimum value of PICKER: 0
Maximum value of PICKER: 2

Question 15:

Identify the invalid identifiers:

Identifiers: _Cost, Price*Qty, float, Switch, Address one, Delete, Number12, do

Invalid Identifiers:

• Price*Qty – contains invalid character *
• float – reserved keyword
• Address one – contains space
• do – reserved keyword

Question 16:

Identify missing header files in the code:

void main()
{
    float A, Number, Outcome;
    cin >> A >> Number;
    Outcome = pow(A, Number);
    cout << Outcome << endl;
}

Required Headers: <iostream.h> (for cin, cout), <math.h> (for pow)

Question 17:

Correct the following C++ code:

#define Equation(p,q) p+2*q

void main()
{
    float A = 3.2, B = 4.1;
    float C = Equation(A, B);
    cout << "Output=" << C << endl;
}

Question 18:

Find the output of the following code:

typedef char STRING[80];

void MIXITNOW(STRING S)
{
    int Size = strlen(S);
    for(int I = 0; I < Size - 1; I += 2)
    {
        char WS = S[I];
        S[I] = S[I+1];
        S[I+1] = WS;
    }
    for(I = 1; I < Size; I += 2)
        if(S[I] >= 'M' && S[I] <= 'U')
            S[I] = '@';
}

void main()
{
    STRING Word = "CRACKAJACK";
    MIXITNOW(Word);
    cout << Word << endl;
}

Output: RCCAAKAJKC

Question 19:

Find the output of the following program:

class stock
{
    long int ID;
    float Rate;
    int Date;
public:
    Stock()
    {
        ID = 1001; Rate = 200; Date = 1;
    }
    void RegCode(long int I, float R)
    {
        ID = I;
        Rate = R;
    }
    void Change(int New, int DT)
    {
        Rate += New;
        Date = DT;
    }
    void Show()
    {
        cout << "Date: " << Date << endl;
        cout << ID << "#" << Rate << endl;
    }
};

void main()
{
    stock A, B, C;
    A.RegCode(1024,150);
    B.RegCode(2015,300);
    B.Change(100,29);
    C.Change(-20,20);
    A.Show();
    B.Show();
    C.Show();
}

Output:

Date: 1
1024#150
Date: 29
2015#400
Date: 20
1001#180

Question 20:

Predict the possible outputs and max/min values of CHANGER:

void main()
{
    randomize();
    int CHANGER;
    CHANGER = random(3);
    char CITY[][25] = {"DELHI", "MUMBAI", "KOLKATA", "CHENNAI"};
    for(int I = 0; I <= CHANGER; I++)
    {
        for(int J = 0; J <= I; J++)
            cout << CITY[J];
        cout << endl;
    }
}

Possible Outputs:

• DELHI
• DELHIMUMBAI
• DELHIMUMBAIKOLKATA

Minimum value of CHANGER: 0
Maximum value of CHANGER: 2

Question 21:

Identify invalid C++ identifiers:

Identifiers: Days*Rent, For, A+Price, Grand Total, double, 2Members, .Participant1, MyCity

Invalid Identifiers:

• Days*Rent – Contains illegal character '*'
• For – Reserved keyword
• Grand Total – Contains space
• double – Reserved keyword

Question 22:

Rewrite the following C++ code after removing any/all syntactical errors:

#define formula(a,b,c) a + 2*b + 3*c

void main()
{
    int L = 1, M = 2, N = 3;
    int J = formula(L, M, N);
    cout << "Output=" << J << endl;
}

Corrections Explained:

• Corrected macro definition: removed space between formula and its parameters.
• Corrected the cout statement to properly use << J instead of <cj.

Question 23:

Find the possible outputs and the max/min values that can be assigned to P_Holder:

void main()
{
    randomize();
    int P_Holder;
    P_Holder = random(3);
    char place[][25] = {"JAIPUR", "PUNA", "KOCHI", "GOA"};
    for(int P = 0; P <= P_Holder; P++)
    {
        for (int C = 0; C < P; C++)
            cout << place[C];
        cout << endl;
    }
}

Possible Outputs:

• JAIPUR
• JAIPURPUNA
• JAIPURPUNAKOCHI

Minimum value of P_Holder: 0
Maximum value of P_Holder: 2

Question 24:

Rewrite the following program after removing syntactical errors:

#include <iostream.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <conio.h>

class product  // Corrected 'Class' to 'class'
{
    int product_code, qty, price;
    char name[20];
public:  // Added ':' after 'public'
    product()
    {
        product_code = 0;
        qty = 0;
        price = 0;
        strcpy(name, "NULL");  // Corrected assignment of 'name'
    }
    void entry()
    {
        cout << "\nEnter code, qty, price"; 
        cin >> product_code >> qty >> price;
        gets(name);
    }
    int tot_price() { return qty * price; }  // Changed 'void' to 'int'
};

void main()
{
    product p;
    p.entry();
    cout << p.tot_price();  // Corrected tot_price() call
}

Explanation of Corrections:

• Class → class (C++ is case-sensitive)
• public → public:
• name = NULL; → strcpy(name, "NULL");
• void tot_price() → int tot_price()
• cout << tot_price(); → cout << p.tot_price();

Question 25:

Explain conditional operator with a suitable example.

The conditional operator (also called the ternary operator) is used to execute expressions based on a condition. It is a compact version of the if-else statement.

Syntax:
condition ? expression1 : expression2;

If the condition is true, expression1 is executed. Otherwise, expression2 is executed.

Example:

int y = 10, x;
x = (y > 10) ? 1 : 0;
cout << x;

Output: 0
Since y > 10 is false, x is assigned 0.

Class 12 Computer Science (C++) – Topic 2: Flow Control

Short Answer Type Questions – Set 1 (2 Marks Each)

Question 1: Find syntax error(s), if any, in the following program: (Assuming all desired header file(s) are already included)

typedef char String[80];
void main
{
    String S;
    int L;
    for(L=0; L<26; C++)
        S[L]=L+65;
    cout << S << endl;
}

Answer:

• Missing parentheses () after void main.
• Incorrect variable C++ in loop; it should be L++.
• Missing semicolon after cout << S << endl.

Question 2: Read the following C++ code carefully and find out, which out of the given options (i) to (iv) are the expected correct outputs of it. Also, write the maximum and minimum value that can be assigned to the variable Taker used in the code:

void main()
{
    int GuessMe[4] = {100, 50, 200, 20};
    int Taker = random(2) + 2;
    for(int Chance = 0; Chance <= Taker; Chance++)
        cout << GuessMe[Chance] << "#";
}

Answer:

• Correct Output: 100#50#200#
• Maximum value of Taker: 3
• Minimum value of Taker: 2

Question 3: Read the following C++ code carefully and find out, which out of the given options (i) to (iv) are the expected correct output(s) of it. Also, write the maximum and minimum value that can be assigned to the variable Start used in the code:

void main()
{
    int Guess[4] = {200, 150, 20, 250};
    int Start = random(2) + 2;
    for(int C = Start; C < 4; C++)
        cout << Guess[C] << "#";
}

Answer:

• Correct Output: 20#250#
• Maximum value of Start: 3
• Minimum value of Start: 2

Question 4: Which C++ header file(s) will be included to run/execute the following C++ code?

void main()
{
    int Last = 26.5698742658;
    cout << setw(5) << setprecision(9) << Last;
}

Answer:

• <iostream.h>
• <iomanip.h>

Question 5: Find the correct identifiers of the following, which can be used for naming variables, constants, or functions in a C++ program: For, While, INT, New, delete, IstName, Add + Subtract, namel

Answer (Valid Identifiers):

• INT
• New
• namel

Question 6: Find correct identifiers out of the following, which can be used for naming variables, constants, or functions in a C++ program: For, While, Float, new, 2ndName, A%B, Amount 2, Counter

Answer (Valid Identifiers):

• While
• Counter

Question 7: Find out the expected correct output(s) from the options (i) to (iv) for the following C++ code. Also, find out the minimum and the maximum value that can be assigned to the variable Stop used in the code:

void main()
{
    int Begin = 3, Stop;
    for(int Run = 1; Run < 4; Run++)
    {
        Stop = random(Begin) + 6;
        cout << Begin++ << Stop << "*";
    }
}

Answer:

• Correct Output: 36*46*57*
• Minimum value of Stop: 6
• Maximum value of Stop: 8

Question 8: Find the output:

int A[2][3] = {{1, 2, 3}, {5, 6, 7}};
for(int i = 1; i < 2; i++)
    for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
        cout << A[i][j] << endl;

Answer:

5
6
7

Question 9: Rewrite the following program after removing the syntactical errors (if any). Underline each correction.

#include
typedef char Text(80);
void main()
{
    Text T = "Indian";
    int Count = strlen(T);
    cout << T << 'has' << Count << 'characters'
         << endl;
}

Corrected Code:

#include <iostream.h>
#include <string.h>
typedef char Text[80];

void main()
{
    Text T = "Indian";
    int Count = strlen(T);
    cout << T << " has " << Count << " characters" << endl;
}

Question 10: Rewrite the following program after removing the syntactical errors (if any). Underline each correction.

#include
typedef char[80] String;
void main()
{
    String S = "Peace";
    int L = strlen(S);
    cout << S << 'has' << L << 'characters' << endl;
}

Corrected Code:

#include <iostream.h>
#include <string.h>
typedef char String[80];

void main()
{
    String S = "Peace";
    int L = strlen(S);
    cout << S << " has " << L << " characters" << endl;
}

Question 11: Based on the following C++ code, find out the expected correct output(s) from the options (i) to (iv). Also, find out the minimum and maximum value that can be assigned to the variable Trick used in the code at the time when the value of count is 3:

void main()
{
    char status[][10] = {"EXCEL", "GOOD", "OK"};
    int Turn = 10, Trick;
    for(int Count = 1; Count < 4; Count++)
    {
        Trick = random(Count);
        cout << Turn - Trick << status[Trick] << "#";
    }
}

Answer:

• Correct Output: 10EXCEL#10EXCEL#9GOOD#
• Minimum value of Trick: 0
• Maximum value of Trick: 2 (since random(Count) when Count = 3 gives values 0–2)

Question 12: Observe the following program carefully and write the names of those header file(s) which are essentially needed to compile and execute the following program successfully:

typedef char STRING[80];
void main()
{
    STRING Txt[] = "We love peace";
    int count = 0;
    while(Txt[count] != '\0')
    {
        cout << Txt[count] << '#';
        count++;
    }
}

Answer:

• <iostream.h>
• <cstring.h>

Question 13: Which of the following options will give the correct output for the given program?

void main()
{
    int Check = 10;
    int val = Check++ + ++Check;
    cout << val;
}

Answer: 22

Short Answer Type Questions – I

Question 1: Explain in brief the purpose of function prototype with the help of a suitable example.

A function prototype serves several purposes:

• Indicates the return type of the function
• Specifies the number of arguments
• Defines the data types of each argument
• Determines the order of arguments passed

Example:

#include <iostream.h>
int timesTwo(int num);  // Function prototype

int main()
{
    int number, response;
    cout << "Please enter a number:"; cin >> number;
    response = timesTwo(number);  // Function call
    cout << "The answer is " << response;
    return 0;
}

// timesTwo function definition
int timesTwo(int num)
{
    int answer;  // Local variable
    answer = 2 * num;
    return answer;
}

Question 2: What is the difference between call by reference and call by value with respect to memory allocation? Give a suitable example to illustrate using C++ code.

Call by Value: Creates a copy of values. Changes in function do not affect original variables.

Call by Reference: Uses memory address. Changes inside function affect original variables.

Call by Value Example:

#include <iostream.h>
void swap(int, int);  // Function prototype

int main()
{
    int a = 10, b = 20;
    swap(a, b);  // Function call
    cout << a << " " << b;  // Output: 10 20
    return 0;
}

void swap(int c, int d)
{
    int t;
    t = c;
    c = d;
    d = t;
}

Call by Reference Example:

#include <iostream.h>
void swap(int &, int &);  // Function prototype

int main()
{
    int a = 10, b = 20;
    swap(a, b);  // Function call
    cout << a << " " << b;  // Output: 20 10
    return 0;
}

void swap(int &c, int &d)
{
    int t;
    t = c;
    c = d;
    d = t;
}

Question 3: What is the difference between Actual Parameter & Formal Parameter? Give a suitable example to illustrate both in a C++ code.

Example Code:

#include <iostream.h>

void set(int a, int b)  // Formal Parameters
{
    int c = a - b;
    cout << c;
}

int main()
{
    int a = 10, b = 20;
    set(a, b);  // Actual Parameters
    return 0;
}

Question 4: Deepa has just started working as a programmer in STAR SOFTWARE company. In the company, she has got her first assignment to be done using a C++ function to find the smallest number out of a given set of numbers stored in a one-dimensional array. But she has committed some logical mistakes while writing the code and is not getting the desired result. Rewrite the correct code underlining the corrections done. Do not add any additional statements in the corrected code.

Original Code (Incorrect):

int find(int a[], int n)
{
    int s = a[0];
    for (int x = 1; x < n; x++)
        if (a[x] > s)
            a[x] = s;
    return s;
}

Corrected Code:

int find(int a[], int n)
{
    int s = a[0];
    for (int x = 1; x < n; x++)  // Correct loop index
    {
        if (a[x] < s)           // Correct condition
            s = a[x];           // Correct assignment
    }
    return s;
}

Question 5: Find the correct identifiers of the following, which can be used for naming variables, constants, or functions in a C++ program:
For, While, INT, New, delete, IstName, Add + Subtract, namel

Answer (Valid Identifiers):

• INT
• New
• namel

Question 6: Find correct identifiers out of the following, which can be used for naming variables, constants, or functions in a C++ program:
For, While, Float, new, 2ndName, A%B, Amount 2, Counter

Answer (Valid Identifiers):

• While
• Counter

Question 7: Find out the expected correct output(s) from the options (i) to (iv) for the following C++ code. Also, find out the minimum and the maximum value that can be assigned to the variable Stop used in the code:

void main()
{
    int Begin = 3, Stop;
    for(int Run = 1; Run < 4; Run++)
    {
        Stop = random(Begin) + 6;
        cout << Begin++ << Stop << "*";
    }
}

Answer:

• Correct Output: 36*46*57*
• Minimum value of Stop: 6
• Maximum value of Stop: 8

Question 8: Find the output:

int A[2][3] = {{1, 2, 3}, {5, 6, 7}};
for(int i = 1; i < 2; i++)
    for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
        cout << A[i][j] << endl;

Answer:

5
6
7

Question 9: Rewrite the following program after removing the syntactical errors (if any). Underline each correction:

#include
typedef char Text(80);
void main()
{
    Text T = "Indian";
    int Count = strlen(T);
    cout << T << 'has' << Count << 'characters'
         << endl;
}

Corrected Code:

#include <iostream.h>
#include <string.h>
typedef char Text[80];

void main()
{
    Text T = "Indian";
    int Count = strlen(T);
    cout << T << " has " << Count << " characters" << endl;
}

Question 10: Rewrite the following program after removing the syntactical errors (if any). Underline each correction:

#include
typedef char[80] String;
void main()
{
    String S = "Peace";
    int L = strlen(S);
    cout << S << 'has' << L << 'characters' << endl;
}

Corrected Code:

#include <iostream.h>
#include <string.h>
typedef char String[80];

void main()
{
    String S = "Peace";
    int L = strlen(S);
    cout << S << " has " << L << " characters" << endl;
}

Question 11: Study the following C++ program and select the possible output(s) from it: Find the maximum and minimum value of L.

#include <iostream.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <conio.h>

void main()
{
    randomize();  // Turbo C++ specific
    char P[] = "C++PROGRAM";
    long L;
    for(int i = 0; P[i] != 'R'; i++)
    {
        L = random(sizeof(L)) + 5;
        cout << P[L] << " ";
    }
}

Explanation: Random values of L range from 5 to 8. The loop ends when P[i] == 'R' at index 4.

Possible Output: O R A G

Minimum value of L: 5
Maximum value of L: 8

Question 12: Write a user-defined function DIVTQ which takes an integer as a parameter and returns whether it is divisible by 13 or not. The function should return 1 if it is divisible by 13, otherwise it should return 0.

int DIVT(int x)
{
    int f;
    if (x % 13 == 0)
        f = 1;
    else
        f = 0;
    return f;
}

Question 13: Find the output of the following program segment:

#include <iostream.h>
#include <ctype.h>

void Mycode(char Msg[], char CH)
{
    for(int cnt = 0; Msg[cnt] != '\0'; cnt++)
    {
        if (Msg[cnt] >= 'B' && Msg[cnt] <= 'G')
            Msg[cnt] = tolower(Msg[cnt]);
        else if (Msg[cnt] == 'N' || Msg[cnt] == 'n' || Msg[cnt] == ' ')
            Msg[cnt] = CH;
        else if (cnt % 2 == 0)
            Msg[cnt] = toupper(Msg[cnt]);
        else
            Msg[cnt] = Msg[cnt-1];
    }
}

void main()
{
    char MyText[] = "Input Raw";
    Mycode(MyText, '@');
    cout << "NEW TEXT: " << MyText << endl;
}

Correct Output: I@PPT@RRW

Question 14: Observe the following program and find out, which output(s) out of (i) to (iv) will not be expected from the program? What will be the minimum and the maximum value assigned to the variable chance?

#include <iostream.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void main()
{
    randomize();
    int Game[] = {10, 16}, P;
    int Turns = random(2) + 5;  // 5 or 6
    for(int T = 0; T <= 2; T++)
    {
        P = random(2);  // 0 or 1
        cout << Game[P] + Turns << "*";
    }
}

Possible Values:

• Game[0] + 5 = 15
• Game[1] + 5 = 21
• Game[0] + 6 = 16
• Game[1] + 6 = 22

Expected Outputs:

• 15*22*
• 21*22*
• 16*21*
❌ (Not expected)

Minimum value of Turns (chance): 5
Maximum value of Turns (chance): 6

Question 15: Observe the following program and find out which output(s) out of (i) to (iv) will not be expected from the program? Also, find the minimum and maximum value assigned to the variable Chance.

#include <iostream.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void main()
{
    randomize();
    int Arr[] = {9, 6}, N;
    int Chance = random(2) + 10;
    for(int C = 0; C < 2; C++)
    {
        N = random(2);
        cout << Arr[N] + Chance << "#";
    }
}

Expected values of Arr[N] + Chance:

• 9 + 10 = 19
• 6 + 10 = 16
• 9 + 11 = 20
• 6 + 11 = 17

Options:

• (i) 9#6# ❌
• (ii) 19#17# ❌
• (iii) 19#16# ✅
• (iv) 20#16# ❌

Unexpected Outputs: (i), (ii), and (iv)
Minimum Value of Chance: 10
Maximum Value of Chance: 11

Question 16: Output of the following C++ program:

typedef char WORD[80];

void CODEWORD(WORD W)
{
    int LEN = strlen(W);
    for(int I = 0; I < LEN - 1; I += 2)
    {
        char SW = W[I];
        W[I] = W[I + 1];
        W[I + 1] = SW;
    }
    for(I = 1; I < LEN; I += 2)
        if(W[I] >= 'A' && W[I] <= 'U')
            W[I] = '#';
}

void main()
{
    WORD Wrd = "EDITORIALS";
    CODEWORD(Wrd);
    cout << Wrd << endl;
}

Output:

DETIROAISL

Question 17: Correct the following code and rewrite it:

// Original Code
#define convert(P,Q)P+2*Q;

void main()
{
    float A, B, Result;
    cin >> A >> B;
    result = Convert[A,B];
    cout << "output" << Result << ;
    endline;
}

Corrected Code:

#define convert(P,Q) (P + 2 * Q)

void main()
{
    float A, B, Result;
    cin >> A >> B;
    Result = convert(A, B);
    cout << "Output" << Result << endl;
}

Class 12 Computer Science (C++) – Topic 2: Flow Control

Short Answer Type Questions – II

Question 1: Rewrite the C++ code after removing syntactical errors:

// Original Code
#Define float MaxSpeed =60.5;
void main()
}
int MySpeed char Alert = 'N';
cin>>MySpeed;
if MySpeed>MaxSpeed
Alert = 'Y';
cout<

#define MaxSpeed 60.5

void main()
{
    int MySpeed;
    char Alert = 'N';
    cin >> MySpeed;
    if (MySpeed > MaxSpeed)
        Alert = 'Y';
    cout << Alert << endl;
}

10,8
20,8

20#300#10#
620@300@10@
620$300$3000$

3*5*10
8*10*20