Chapter 9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Class 12 Biology NCERT Solutions

Understand plant breeding, animal husbandry, and food biotechnology with Chapter 9 NCERT Solutions. Download free PDFs to revise efficiently. Scroll down to explore complete solutions.

What You Will Learn in Chapter 9 – Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

This chapter provides an overview of different strategies used to increase food production, ensuring better quality and higher yield of crops. It also discusses the role of genetic engineering, animal husbandry, and microbial processes in modern agriculture.

Key Topics Covered:

  1. Improvement in Food Production

    • The significance of increasing food production.

    • The challenges of feeding the growing global population.

    • Strategies for enhancing food production.

  2. Plant Breeding

    • Traditional plant breeding methods like hybridization, selection, and cross-breeding.

    • Modern techniques like genetic modification and transgenic crops.

    • Examples of high-yielding varieties (HYV) of crops.

  3. Tissue Culture and Micropropagation

    • The technique of tissue culture and its role in producing genetically identical plants.

    • Micropropagation techniques and their applications in the mass production of disease-free plants.

  4. Genetic Engineering in Agriculture

    • Introduction to genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

    • The use of biotechnology in developing disease-resistant, pest-resistant, and high-yielding crops.

    • The role of Bt crops (like Bt cotton) in pest control.

  5. Microbes in Agriculture

    • The use of microorganisms in enhancing soil fertility (e.g., nitrogen-fixing bacteria like Rhizobium).

    • Role of biofertilizers, bio-pesticides, and their advantages over chemical fertilizers.

  6. Animal Husbandry

    • Techniques for improving livestock production, including breeding for high milk yield, egg production, and meat quality.

    • Use of artificial insemination, cryopreservation of semen, and embryo transfer in animal breeding.

    • Dairy and poultry farming practices.

  7. Fisheries and Aquaculture

    • The importance of fisheries in food production.

    • Practices of aquaculture and modern techniques for increasing fish yield.

  8. Sustainable Agriculture

    • Techniques for sustainable farming, such as organic farming and integrated pest management (IPM).

    • The importance of crop rotation, green manuring, and minimizing the use of harmful pesticides.

Why Use Our NCERT Solutions for Chapter 9?

Our detailed NCERT solutions for Chapter 9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production are specifically designed to help students grasp the concepts easily. By providing step-by-step solutions and explanations, we simplify complex topics such as plant breeding, biotechnology in agriculture, and microbial applications in farming.

Highlights of Our Solutions:

  • Comprehensive and easy-to-understand answers to all NCERT Intext and Exercise questions.

  • Well-labeled diagrams explaining plant breeding, tissue culture, and genetic engineering.

  • Real-life examples to relate concepts to current agricultural practices.

  • Definitions of key terms and processes highlighted for quick revision.

  • Suitable for NEET, board exams, and competitive exams preparation.

NCERT Solutions for Chapter 9 – Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

Intext Questions:

  • Detailed explanations of plant breeding techniques and their importance.

  • Answers to questions on the use of microorganisms in agriculture and the benefits of GMOs.

  • Illustrations explaining tissue culture, hybridization, and transgenic crops.

Exercise Questions (Q.1 to Q.13):

  • Thorough answers on biotechnology in agriculture, animal husbandry, and sustainable farming practices.

  • Concept-based questions on hybridization, gene transfer, and the role of microorganisms.

  • Answer keys explaining terms like biofertilizers, bio-pesticides, and GMOs.

Download Chapter 9 Solutions PDF – Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

For quick and easy access to solutions, download the free PDF containing all solved NCERT questions. This PDF is perfect for offline study and revision before exams.

What’s Inside the PDF:

  • Well-structured and concise solutions to all questions.

  • High-quality diagrams and flowcharts explaining key concepts.

  • Step-by-step answers for better understanding.

Recommended Preparation Tips:

  • Understand different plant breeding methods and their importance in improving crop varieties.

  • Familiarize yourself with tissue culture techniques and their applications in agriculture.

  • Learn the benefits of GMOs, including their role in pest resistance and disease prevention.

  • Focus on the applications of microbes in agriculture, especially nitrogen fixation and biofertilizers.

  • Revise techniques in animal husbandry like artificial insemination and embryo transfer.

  • Understand sustainable farming practices and their relevance in today’s agricultural practices.

Additional Study Resources:

  • Class 12 Biology Notes – Chapter 9

  • NCERT Exemplar Solutions for extra practice on questions related to food production.

  • NEET-targeted MCQs and previous year questions.

  • Quick revision charts on plant breeding, tissue culture, and microbial agriculture.

  • Flashcards for terms related to biotechnology in agriculture.

Mastering Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

By studying the strategies used to enhance food production, students will gain insight into how modern agriculture, biotechnology, and microbial applications work together to increase food supply and address food security concerns. Our NCERT solutions ensure you are well-prepared to excel in your exams and understand how these advancements play a critical role in feeding the growing global population.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 9 – Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

Question 1. Explain in brief the role of animal husbandry in human welfare.

Answer: Animal husbandry deals with the caring, feeding, and management of domesticated animals. It includes poultry farming and fisheries. These animals are useful to humans because:

  • They provide food products such as meat, milk, eggs, and honey.
  • They offer other useful substances like wool, silk, leather, and beeswax.

Question 2. If your family owned a dairy farm, what measures would you undertake to improve the quality and quantity of milk production?

Answer: Measures to improve milk production include:

  • Proper feeding of cattle with high-quality food.
  • Maintaining a clean and hygienic environment for the animals.
  • Ensuring timely medication and veterinary supervision.
  • Selecting breeds with high milk yield and disease resistance.

Question 3. What is meant by the term ‘breed’? What are the objectives of animal breeding?

Answer: A breed is a group of animals related by descent and sharing similar characteristics such as appearance, size, and configuration.

Objectives of animal breeding:

  • To produce high-yielding animals like milk-producing cattle or egg-laying hens.
  • To develop drought-resistant varieties used for work.
  • To obtain disease-resistant livestock breeds.

Question 4. Name the methods employed in animal breeding. According to you which of the methods is best? Why?

Answer: Methods of animal breeding include:

  • Inbreeding
  • Out-breeding
  • Cross-breeding
  • Interspecific hybridization
  • Artificial insemination
  • Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer (MOET)

Best Method: Cross-breeding is considered the best because it combines superior traits from both breeds and avoids inbreeding depression.

Question 5. What is apiculture? How is it important in our lives?

Answer: Apiculture is the rearing and breeding of honeybees for honey production.

Importance:

  • Provides honey, a nutritious food substance.
  • Produces beeswax used in various industries.
  • Facilitates pollination in crops like sunflower, apple, and pear.

Question 6. Discuss the role of fishery in enhancement of food production.

Answer: Fishery plays a major role in enhancing food production because:

  • Fish flesh is rich in protein, low in fat, and contains essential vitamins and minerals like iodine.
  • Fish oils have medicinal uses.
  • Skins and scales are used in industry (polishing, artificial pearls).
  • Fish glue and waste are used as adhesives and fertilizers.
  • Supports economic development through the Blue Revolution.

Question 7. Briefly describe various steps involved in plant breeding.

Answer: Steps involved in plant breeding:

  • Collection of genetic variability
  • Evaluation and selection of parents
  • Cross-hybridization among selected parents
  • Selection and testing of superior recombinants
  • Testing, release, and commercialization of new cultivars

Question 8. Explain what is meant by biofortification.

Answer: Biofortification refers to the process of increasing the nutritional value of crops by enhancing the content and quality of proteins, fats, vitamins, and micronutrients. It is crucial for improving public health by addressing malnutrition.

Question 9. Which part of the plant is best suited for making virus-free plants and why?

Answer: The apical and axillary meristems are best suited for producing virus-free plants because the virus cannot keep pace with rapid cell division in meristematic tissues, making them typically virus-free.

Question 10. What is the major advantage of producing plants by micropropagation?

Answer: Micropropagation allows for the rapid production of a large number of genetically identical plants in a very short period of time.

Question 11. Find out the various components of the medium used for propagation of an explant in vitro.

Answer: Components of the culture medium:

  • Sucrose (energy source)
  • Inorganic salts
  • Vitamins
  • Growth regulators like auxins and cytokinins

Question 12. Name any five hybrid varieties of crop plants which have been developed in India.

Answer:

Crop Hybrid Variety
Wheat Sonalika
Wheat Himgiri
Mustard Pusa Swarnim
Bean Pusa Sem-2
Lady’s Finger (Okra) Pusa Sawani